ĭysmenorrhea is a debilitating event that usually affects women’s and girls’ well-being, productivity, and quality of life.
Secondary dysmenorrhea is frequently associated with underlying pelvic diseases that require medical care, such as endometriosis, ovarian cysts, or fibroids.
Around 90% of adolescents have primary dysmenorrhea without underlying pelvic pathology, and pain is usually caused by excessive prostaglandin production (pain neurotransmitter in the uterus). Dysmenorrhea is classified as either primary or secondary. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea can reach up to 90%, with wide variations between different studies and within different populations. ĭysmenorrhea, or painful menstruation, is the most prevalent menstrual irregularity among adolescent girls. They also recommend that preparation and education should target health care providers and caregivers with accurate information about regularity patterns and instructions on what to do in irregular situations. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the American Academy of Pediatrics have endorsed monitoring menstrual regularity patterns as a vital sign of health for adolescent girls. Awareness of these irregularities can help in early diagnosis and treatment. Identifying regular and irregular menstruation is crucial, especially that some irregularities are linked to underlying causes, such as endometriosis and other ovarian or adrenal disorders. Age at menarche, or the age at the first menstrual cycle, is a main milestone for adolescent girls marking the onset of puberty and is also an important indicator of health. Normal menstrual cycles are a sign of good health and an integral part of reproductive health and general well-being. Menstruation is a natural biological process that all girls and women undergo during their reproductive lives. However, an alarmingly high prevalence of dysmenorrhea among participants was found that tends to vary with different population characteristics, some of which are modifiable and can be targeted for better menstrual health.This research emphasizes the need for integrated efforts to assist adolescents with menstrual challenges such as dysmenorrhea and irregular periods to achieve informed recommendations and effective actions.
The study indicates regular menstrual patterns in terms of length, duration, and intensity of bleeding and a slightly higher age-at-menarche than the global average. Eighty nine percent used non-pharmacological approaches to ease menstrual pain and 25% used medications. Higher dysmenorrhea levels were associated with older age, earlier age-at-menarche, longer bleeding durations, heavier menstrual flow, skipping breakfast regularly, and limited physical activity patterns. High dysmenorrhea levels were reported (96%), with 41% reporting severe symptoms. Around 6% of participating girls reported heavy menstrual bleeding. Mean age-at-menarche was 13.1 ± 1.2 mean bleeding duration was 5.3 ± 1.5 days, and mean cycle length was 28.1 ± 6.2 days. ResultsĢ737 girls participated in the study. Additionally, data on how adolescent girls cope with their menstrual pain was collected. The link between dysmenorrhea and other participant characteristics was assessed using a multiple linear regression model. Trained field workers collected data on general menstrual characteristics and dysmenorrhea level using Working ability, Location, Intensity, Days of pain Dysmenorrhea scale (WaLIDD), in addition to demographic, socio-economic, and health characteristics. MethodsĪ household survey of 15 to 18-year-old adolescent girls was conducted. This study examines the menstrual characteristics of adolescent girls living in Palestinian refugee camps in the West Bank of the Israeli-occupied Palestinian territory and Jordan, including estimates of dysmenorrhea levels and associated factors. Dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation) is the most prevalent menstrual disturbance in adolescents that can be debilitating.
Normal adolescent menstrual cycles gauge current and future reproductive health. Women and girls experience menstruation throughout their reproductive years.
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